Generally dry-running clutches and brakes use a pair of plates consisting of "organic" friction lining on one plate and a counterplate of steel or special cast iron. Although this friction combination is subject to wear, it has become a standard due to its hard wearing capabilities. Sintered, metallic friction linings are also used for particular applications. The friction linings described here are riveted or bonded to the plates in the form of rings or segments or are applied by a sintering process.

When considering "wet-running" plates, it is necessary to consider the lubricating and cooling oil, since this plays a decisive roll in the frictional process. In wet-running clutches and brakes the "classical" friction combination of steel/steel is today being replaced more and more by steel/sintered coating. The standard qualities of sintered coating are able to cover a wide range of conditions which are placed on high performance friction linings. In addition, the sinter is capable of being varied in terms of composition porosity and compatibility with oil enabling it to fulfill a wide range of special tasks. Of special interest within the range of wet- running plates is the friction combination steel/paper lining. This is being used to an ever greater extent in transmission systems in general mechanical engineering and in the motor vehicle industry. This is due to its extraordinary frictional behaviour and its almost total freedom from wear.

High thermal load Broad power spectrum due to high allowable surface pressures None to little wear Hardened steel counterplate, typical with sinus corrugation Good oil distribution via wafer or sunburst keyway Applications: - Press technology - Marine main drives - Brakes with high thermal loads - Gearbox with high thermal loads

Medium thermal loads High surface pressures Low wear rates Hardened counterplate, flat steel plates Radial keyways for removal of abraded material Applications: - Brakes - Clutches - Slip clutches

Moderate to high thermal load Low surface pressures Low to moderate wear properties Constant friction value via speed, good controllability Steel counterplate with sinus (hardened and unhardened) Good comfort behavior Oil distribution via group parallel or wafer keyway Applications: - Winding - Unwinding jig with continuous slip operations - Controlled overload clutches

Moderate thermal load capacity High friction values Moderate to high wear Steel or cast iron counter friction surfaces Applications: - Brakes - E clutches - Pneumatic combined c/b - Overload clutch

Version with sinus or flat In hardened or unhardened version Coating possible (e.g. molybdenum) Surface areas are furnished with specific structures

High torque transmissibility Self-centering Low plate strength possible Use in limited installation spaces

Counter profiles can be easily produced Applications with small to medium torques Applications: - Small clutches and brakes - E clutches/brakes

Counter profiles can be easily produced Applications with small to medium torques Applications: - Small clutches and brakes - E clutches/brakes

Counter profiles can be easily produced Centering effect possible Applications: - Small clutches and brakes - E clutches/brakes